HALCZAK, Bohdan: Akcja „Wisła“ w 1947 roku: aspekty prawne. Zielona Góra : Uniwersytet Zielonogórski, 2022. 140 s. ISBN 978-83-7842-492-5 (M. Šmigeľ)

Formovanie a fungovanie Pamätných izieb v Národnej kultúrnej pamiatke Kalište pod správou Vlastivedného múzea (1962 – 1973)

VLADIMÍRA LUPTÁKOVÁ
Stredoslovenské múzeum, Banská Bystrica

Formation and functioning of the Memorial Rooms in the Kalište National Cultural Monument under the management of the Homeland Museum (1962 – 1973)

Abstract: In 2023, the Scientific Council of the Central Slovakia Museum approved the scientific research task called „Kalište in the collections of institutions“. The aim of the task is to compile a catalogue summarising the knowledge about the creation and development of permanent exhibitions/memorial rooms in the Kalište National Heritage Site, about the transfers of administration between different museums or institutions, and about the past and present view of its use and direction. In the first year of the scientific research task, all years were systematically examined from the preserved documents in the Registration Centre of the Central Slovakia Museum, i.e. the years 1961–1974, during which the museum was involved in any way in the creation and maintenance of the two Memorial Rooms at the national heritage site. Due to incompletely preserved documentation and to complete the whole picture, the years in question were also examined in the State Archives in Banská Bystrica (Regional National Committee and its relevant departments) and the Archives of the Monuments Board of the Slovak Republic (so far only processed and inventoried documents). The paper provides a survey of the period from 21st March 1962 to July 1973, when the Literary and Music Museum in Banská Bystrica assumed administration of both Memorial Rooms in the Kalište National Heritage Site.

Keywords: Slovak National Uprising, national heritage site, scope of the museum, memorial rooms, collections.

Peasant Issues and Agricultural Transformations
in the Years of the Ukrainian Revolution (1917 – 1921)
in the Works of Modern Romanian and Polish Historiography

VASYL ILNYTSKYI – MYKOLA HLIBISCHUK
Drohobych State Pedagogical University of Ivan Franko –
Chernivtsi National University of Yuriy Fedkovych, Ukraine

Abstract: The article attempts to analyze the scientific achievements of modern Romanian and Polish historians on the peasant question and agrarian transformations that took place during the Ukrainian Revolution (1917–1921). The authors tried to focus on the characteristics that are inherent in the scientific research of Romanian and Polish historiography at the present stage. This was done on the example of some works of Romanian and Polish scientists who dealt with this topic. The key thesis that the authors tried to prove is that the presence of scientific works in Polish and Romanian historical science that directly or indirectly relate to our topic, but a separate specialized scientific study still have not appeared. The article ends with the author’s thoughts on this situation.

Keywords: agrarianism, foreign historiography, peasant question, the Ukrainian revolution of 1917–1921, Ukrainian peasantry.

Pravdaže mi povedali „tauglich“…
Spomienky vojaka Juraja Orosiho na Veľkú vojnu

MATÚŠ BURDA
Základná škola Teodora Jozefa Moussona, Michalovce

Of course they told me „tauglich“… Soldier Juraj Orosi´s memories of the Great War

Abstract: About 400 000 men from the territory of today’s Slovakia enlisted in the First World War. Despite their irreplaceable place in the ranks of the Austro-Hungarian army, in which they fought on the front in Galicia, Serbia, Italy and even on the western battlefield, we have very few authentic memories or testimonies of the period from 1914 to 1918. One of those who has preserved his story from the Great War is Juraj Orosi, a native of the eastern Slovak village of Cabov in the Vranov nad Topľou district. Through his memoirs published in Slovak Defense, we go back to August 1915 and the main hero of our story travels to the Galicia battlefield from where, after various peripetias, he reaches the front again in Romania. However, Orosi’s story does not end with the end of the First World War in 1918, but through his lens we follow the events of the first post-revolutionary years, which were characterised by fighting with the Hungarians or the building and formation of state bodies and the army. Juraj Orosi’s memoirs are a valuable source of knowledge about the times that influenced the younger generation and Juraj Orosi himself. He dealt with his disillusionment with the new conditions by moving to the United States. It was there in 1937 that he published his memoirs of the First World War and the founding of Czechoslovakia in Slovenská Obrana (Slovak Defense).

Keywords: memories, Austro-Hungarian army, World War I, soldier, Cabov, Galicia, Romania, 1914-1918, Czechoslovak Republic, fighting with Hungarians.

Fotografia v živote a diele Josefa Gutkaissa

FILIP GLOCKO
Stredoslovenské múzeum, Banská Bystrica

The role of photography in life and work of Josef Gutkaiss

Abstract: Josef Gutkaiss (1834 – 1913), born in Austrian town Margarethen am Moos close to Linz, contributed significantly to the development of European and world photography. He lived and worked in Switzerland and Italy and in 1864 he moved to Banská Bystrica. His studio was located and operated in Dolná Street. As the years went by, he opened branches in other cities in the area of present Slovakia. Using large-scale photographic devices captured Josef Gutkaiss scenes of everyday life, industrial plants in Pohronie, figures from central Slovakia dressed in traditional folk costumes, as well as important people from public and political life. He also contributed significantly to the promotion of Banská Bystrica.

Keywords: Josef Gutkaiss, history of photography, Austria, Italy, Switzerland, Banská Bystrica.

Epigrafická kultúra v ranonovovekom Honte

JÁN KOREKÁČ
Katedra archívnictva a muzeológie, Filozofická fakulta,
Univerzita Komenského v Bratislave

Epigraphic Culture in Early Modern Times in the Hont Region

Abstract: This study investigates early modern inscriptions in the Hont region, focusing on the period from the late 15th century to the mid-17th century. It examines the diverse influences that shaped the epigraphic culture of the region. The research concludes with an analysis of the progression of artistic styles, the substantial impact of burghers, and foreign influences. Furthermore, it addresses the significant role of military activities, including Ottoman incursions and Hungarian noble rebellions, in shaping the region’s development and inscriptional practices. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the multifaceted factors that collectively influenced the inscriptional culture of Hont during the early modern period.

Keywords: Early Modern Times, Epigraphy, Hont, Inscriptions.

Citlivé a kontroverzné témy v aktuálnych premenách dejepisného vyučovania na príklade sporov o Slovenskej republike (1939 – 1945)

MICHAL VESELEI
Katedra historických vied a stredoeurópskych štúdií, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita sv. Cyrila a Metoda v Trnave

Sensitive and controversial topics in the current transformations of history teaching using the example of disputes about the Slovak Republic (1939 – 1945)

Abstract: The article discusses the determinants of history teaching dedicated to sensitive and controversial topics. These determinants include pedagogical constructivism, group discussions, plurality of opinions and sources and secondary sources, and last but not least, their critical analysis and evaluation. The article further discusses the importance of value issues and student attitudes. Based on this analysis, we have established four recommendations for teaching sensitive and controversial topics in history. Among these recommendations are the establishment of adequate educational goals and learning tasks, the establishment of the initial perspective of the controversy and the subsequent course of the lesson, being prepared that the topic may arise outside the classroom, training students to formulate opinions and accept the opinions of others. All of these are modern trends that correspond to the ongoing curricular reform in the Slovak Republic. We illustrated the article on the subject of the Slovak Republic (1939 – 1945), which belongs to the dark periods of our history. Modern approaches to teaching history contribute to the formation of pro-democratic and civic attitudes of pupils. At the same time, they help teachers to effectively prepare for the lesson. Such analysis and recommendations have been missing in our pedagogical environment until now.

Keywords: sensitive and controversial topics, history, values and assessment, constructivism, Slovak Republic (1939 – 1945).

Vazby Karla Antona Medveckého (1875–1937) na Arcidiecézi olomouckou

KRYŠTOF KOUŘIL
Katedra historie, Filozofická fakulta Univerzity Palackého v Olomouci

Connections of Karol Anton Medvecký (1875–1937) with the Archdiocese of Olomouc

Abstract: The main topic of this article is a clarification of connections between Karol Anton Medvecký and the Archdiocese of Olomouc, in the wider context. The introduction has two goals. The first one is to describe the reflection of K. A. Medvecký in the Czech society. The second goal is a clarification of the connection between Slovak and Moravian clergy in the second half of the 19th century, focused especially on the so-called Cyril-Methodist phenomenon, which represents a key element in putting the idea of Czech and Slovak unity into practice. Then we continue with personality characteristics of provost Antonín Cyril Stojan and his activities in the area of unionism. Afterwards, we focus our attention on K. A. Medvecký and his interconnection with Moravian clergy during his „exile“ in Bacúrov. Due to Medvecký’s involvement in the Czechoslovak People’s Party politics, his contacts intensified after October 1918. We also aim to Medvecký’s visit to Moravia in May 1933. In the end of this article, we briefly present the results of our research.

Keywords: political catholicism, Czechoslovak People’s Party, Slovak-Moravian relationship, Czechoslovak republic, traditions, persecution, unionism.

Hrad a panstvo Šášov v období habsburskej komorskej správy

MIROSLAV LACKO
Friedrich-Christian-Lesser-Kolleg für Ostmitteleuropa, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Nemecko

Šášov Castle and Domain in Era of the Habsburg State Administration

Abstract: The Šášov (Sachsenstein) domain was one of the state dominions in the Lower Hungarian mining district, i.e. in present-day Central Slovakia, that were integrated in the complex of state mining enterprises from the late seventeenth century to the mid-nineteenth century. These state estates became an important economic basis for whole mining district under the Habsburg control, especially in supplies with wood, charcoal, beverages, and victuals. The Šášov castle and dominion had been acquired in 1676 –1678 from the impoverished noble Lippay family and was utilized for economic needs of state enterprising in the precious metal production since then. Until the 1770s, the Šášov castle was used as a granary and the residence of domain administration was situated in the Ladomer manor house. The most profitable cameralistic projects on this state domain that are investigated in this paper represented the brewery in Šášovské Podhradie near the castle with beer production for state workers and clerks, the large taphouse for mineworkers in Štiavnické Bane (Siglisberg), and the state wood-yard in Jalná for a wood and charcoal supply of state mines and smelteries. During the eighteenth century, the integration of this domain into the system of state mining enterprising reached a highest peak.

Keywords: Šášov, castle, state domain, cameralism, government, profitability, Habsburg Empire.

Fulminis instar. The Advance and Presence of Imre Thököly’s Troops near the Mining Towns area of Lower Hungary in the autumn of 1678

ZOLTÁN IGOR KOMJÁTI
Private researcher and historian, Abasár, Hungary

Abstract: The Hungarian social strata discontented with the economic, political and military reforms of the Habsburg Absolutism unleashed an uprising in 1670, which was almost right away eliminated by itself due to the inorganization, and the royal forces easily closed it down. The rebels (also known as “refugees” or “Kurucs”) went into exile before the retaliatory measures, settled in Transylvania and the Ottoman Occupied Territories, and forayed into Upper Hungary in every year from 1672 with the aim to establish a new and independent Hungarian state. But the Kurucian leaders entirely fell back upon the support and benevolence of Mihály Apafi, Prince of Transylvania, and the Pashas of the eastern part of the Ottoman Occupied Territories, moreover, they had no any qualified warlords, so they were not able to gain significant and permanent success until 1678. But one of the Kurucian leaders, Imre Thököly, adventured himself on an undertaking in September of 1678: counterplotting two Imperial armies, he launched a lightning-fast offensive from the Spiš County, passed through the Liptov, Orava and Turiec Counties, finally penetrated into the Trenčín County, moreover, he almost reached Bratislava and Moravia. Then he suddenly turned into south-eastward with his whole army, and in the course of a month, occupied each mining town in the Hron River territory, and seized several border castles with Imperial and loyal garrisons without any serious fight. Thököly moved and acted “as fast as the lightning”, and he totally amazed, terrified and made indecisive the commanders of the border castles having German and Hungarian loyal garrisons, as well as the aldermen of the mining towns, who rather preferred the voluntary submission and the abandonment of their posts than undertaking the desperate and forlorn resistance. But it can be stated that the success of Imre Thököly’s army in the autumn of 1678 was not exclusively caused by his ingenuity and captainship abilities glorified by the posterity, but his adversaries’ momentary shock, fright and confusion superabundantly contributed to it. Not only the serfdom and the lower-ranked social strata joined gladly to the Kurucs in the mining towns region, but under pressure, the members of magnate families. This was only a short time submission, because as soon as the Imperial troops approached to the mining towns from two directions, and Thököly was caught in the middle, every person contemporarily adhered to him, dropped away, and returned to the Emperor Leopold I’s allegiance. And Imre Thököly compelled to give up his every autumnal conquest, and slowly drew back to his point of departure, to Upper Hungary, and later to Transylvania. However, there was an achievement. With Imre Thököly’s appearance in the conduct of war in 1678, quantitative and qualitative changes came into existence in the history of the Kurucian movement: the military operations also spread to territories in Lower Hungary, the Kurucian manpower was significantly increased, and due to them, the movement also grew up to the “adulthood” of its diplomacy, as such a military power demonstrated by Thököly, expedited the Sovereign and his advisors to enter into discussion about armistice or peace treaty. The fact can be also stated that the Kurucian military action in the autumn of 1678 raised hope for those social strata which was expecting the continuation of the struggle with the Habsburg absolutism.

Keywords: Imre Thököly, Kurucian Uprising in the 1670s, Mining Towns of Lower Hungary, Military history, Hungarian Kingdom.