Zakonšpirované Slovensko 1938 – 1945
Niekoľko úvah nad tvárami neviditeľného spiritus movens ľudáckeho režimu

ANTON HRUBOŇ
Katedra bezpečnostných štúdií, Fakulta politických vied a medzinárodných vzťahov Univerzity Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici

Conspiracized Slovakia, 1938–1945
A few reflections on the faces of the invisible spiritus movens of the Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party’s regime

Abstract: The paradigm of Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party (HSĽS) regime, as well as the persecutory measures implemented against fabricated “enemies of the nation” during its reign (October 1938 – April 1945), were based on conspiracy theories. This essay identifies the main ones, pointing out their genesis, intentionality, and ways of operating with them in political practice. The analysis shows that although many conspiracy frames used in wartime Slovakia correlated with narratives in other countries of the fascist Axis, they cannot be considered copypastes of rhetoric popularized mostly by Nazi Germany. The text promotes the idea that the conspiratorial thinking of the HSĽS already formed in the late Habsburg monarchy at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, and the changes in international politics in the 1930s only had an effect on their firmer establishment in the political culture of the party and political preferences of its supporters. The basis of this conspiratorial thinking was the fear of liberalism, of the threat to the Christian faith and the Slovak nation by a group of highly sophisticated interconnected “pests” with destructive intentions. Until 1918, it primarily included the Marxist left, capitalists, freemasons, and liberals in general, and after the creation of Czechoslovakia, Czechs, and Jews to an increased extent. The essay emphasizes that precisely the argumentation of conspiracy theories (“imperialism of Prague against Slovakia/Slovaks”, “Jewish Bolshevism”) provided the legitimizing platform for the repressive policy of the HSĽS regime and authorized violence against entire groups of the population that did not belong to the “ingroup”.

Keywords: conspiracy theories, Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party, Slovakia, Jewish Bolshevism, racism, xulture conflict, World War II.

„Keď zomrie tyran, zomrie s nim aj jeho vláda. Keď zomrie martýr, jeho vláda začína.“ Ku vzniku štátu Kráľovstva Srbov, Chorvátov a Slovincov na pozadí niekoľkých myšlienok existencialistov

FRANTIŠEK JAKAB
Katedra histórie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici

“When a tyrant dies, his government dies with him. When a martyr dies, his reign begins.” Towards the creation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes against the background of several existentialist thoughts

Abstract: The chilling events of World War I were a test for all of humanity, which until then could not even imagine such horrors. For many people, they meant death, suffering, or a fight for mere survival. Not even the nationals living on the Balkan Peninsula were an exception, which became the scene of the infamous trigger squeeze that started four and a half years of war frenzy. The work analyzes selected episodes preceding, concerning, or following the end of World War I and confronts them with an existentialist view of the world. In this context, it opens the question of objectivity, historical memory, political instrumentalization of fact, and the diversity of interpretation of the history of this segment of history.

Keywords: Balkan peninsula, First World War, existentialism, Yugoslavia, Serbia.

Červené zástavy nad Bystricou. Správa veliteľa 10. divízie div. gen. Josefa Votrubu o okolnostiach vyvesenia červených zástav na kasárňach v Banskej Bystrici v novembri 1932

PETER CHORVÁT
Vojenský historický ústav Bratislava

Red Flags over Bystrica. Report of the Commander of 10th Division General Josef Votruba on raising red Flags over Barracks in Banská Bystrica in November 1932

Abstract: As the title suggests the author deals with the report of the Czechoslovak General Josef Votruba which is bearing date 13th of November 1932. On the Anniversary of the Bolshevik Revolution in Russia unknown offenders – members of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia raised two red Flags over barracks of the Czechoslovak Infantry Regiment Nr 26 in Radvaň and Banská Bystrica. Above-mentioned offence took place on 5th and 6th November 1932. The author pays relevant attention to its circumstances, reaction of the Czechoslovak Army and reception in the daily press as well.

Keywords: Czechoslovak Army, Infantry Regiment 26, Banská Bystrica, General Josef Votruba, barracks, Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.

Vladimír Vernadskij o nemecko-rakúskej okupácii Ukrajiny v roku 1918

OLEXANDR SYČ
Černivecká národná univerzita Jurija Feďkovyča, Černivci, Ukrajina

Volodymyr Vernadskyi on the German-Austrian occupation of Ukraine in 1918

Abstract: The article deals with the diaries as an important narrative source for historians in their study of the past. The diaries are a very peculiar type of source that is different from memoirs. Usually, the author writes his memoirs about the events that he lived through many years ago or he witnessed in the past. It is naturally that with the flow of time he may forget about something, miss something or recall something incorrectly; moreover, as it is known, in memoirs events of the past are reflected with a hindsight and that is why they do not always accurately reflect the feelings of the author at the time when these events took place. People’s attitudes towards the events can also change as the years go by. Moreover, human memory is very much selective. Unlike memoirs, the diaries allow us to understand the attitude of a particular human being to the surrounding world and contemporary events when he or she wrote about them. This has enormous value for the researcher. The diaries, as a type of historical document, are important precisely because they provide us not only with object of a historical process, in other words, what is being described, but also with insights about their authors who are present not as abstract depersonalized subjects of this process, but as living human beings with their merits and shortcomings, with their convictions and moods, their dreams and concerns. Moreover, the diaries provide unique material for the study of social psychology of people in concrete historical period. The author of diaries, which became the object of our attention, was Vladimir Ivanovich Vernadskyi (1863-1945), an outstanding Russian 20th century naturalist, geologist, biogeochemist, thinker and winner of the Stalin Prize, academician, creator of the doctrine of the biosphere, its evolution and transformation into the noosphere, who was one of the founders of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences and its first President, as well as the founder of the National Library of Ukraine. Their main value of his diaries, in our opinion, is that they help to feel the atmosphere of the dramatic events of October Revolution and Civil War in Russia and Ukraine, allows us to restore the spirit of the revolutionary stormy years in all its tragedy and contradictions. As for the content of the great scientist’s diaries, a significant part of them consists of the facts of his personal life., but also a lot of space is devoted to his impressions and reflections on political events, in particular about the German and the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Ukraine in 1918. In his diaries, a negative attitude towards the Bolsheviks and socialist ideology, non-acceptance of manifestations of Ukrainian nationalism, and condemnation of the talentless policy of the Central Rada can be clearly traced.

Keywords: diaries, Germans, Austrians, occupation, Bolsheviks, Haidamaks, Ukrainian Central Rada.

Medzivojnová Banská Bystrica: Obraz kultúrneho a spoločenského života

SOŇA POLÓNYOVÁ
Základná škola Jozefa Gregora Tajovského, Banská Bystrica

Interwar Banská Bystrica: A view of cultural and social life

Abstract: The interwar period in Banská Bystrica brought significant changes in the political, economic, cultural, and social spheres of the city. The establishment of the First Czechoslovak Republic and subsequent democratic conditions accelerated the formation of a modern civil society and the development of culture. Key roles were played by education, associations, educational activities, periodicals, radio, libraries, as well as the development of arts, which included literature, theater, music, cinema, and visual arts. One of the centers of social and cultural life became the newly built National House, which significantly contributed to the shaping of public life. During this period, the celebration of anniversaries and significant visits represented an important aspect of social life. These events aimed to strengthen national identity and simultaneously serve to present the city in the best possible light.

Keywords: Banská Bystrica, First Czechoslovak Republic, interwar period, culture, art.

Štátne banské riaditeľstvo v Banskej Štiavnici v období vzniku Československa

DANIEL HARVAN
Slovenské banské múzeum, Banská Štiavnica

The State Mining Directorate in Banská Štiavnica during the founding of Czechoslovakia

Abstract: The State Mining Directorate in Banská Štiavnica was established at the beginning of 1919, as the successor of the former Hungarian Royal Main Mining Directorate and took over several mining operations in Slovakia. After 1919, his activities were gradually focused on the management of establishments in the Banská Štiavnica-Hodruša ore district. The paper focuses on the development and consequences of the integration efforts of the Czechoslovak authorities and their representatives in the new socio-political conditions immediately after the establishment of the Czechoslovak Republic.

Keywords: Banská Štiavnica, the State Mining Directorate in Banská Štiavnica, personnel and production continuity/discontinuity, integration of the official apparatus, migration of employees.

Doktorské studium didaktiky dějepisu na Katedře historie Filozofické fakulty Ostravské univerzity

BLAŽENA GRACOVÁ – JULIE JANKOVÁ
Katedra historie, Filozofická fakulta Ostravské univerzity

Doctoral studies in didactics of history at the Department of History, Faculty of Arts, University of Ostrava

Abstract: On the occasion of the significant jubilee of Professor Miroslav Kmet as an expert in the field of history didactics, the text reflects the areas of didactic research, which have received attention at the Department of History of the Faculty of Arts at the University of Ostrava, as well as the current focus of research. It presents the research topics of the graduates of the doctoral studies in didactics of history at the Department of History of the Faculty of Arts at the OU presented in their dissertations and a number of journal studies, studies published in collective monographs and journals. The themes of two current students of the study programme were also not omitted.

Keywords: history didactics, doctoral studies, didactic research, current topics in history didactics.

Epidémia cholery a starostlivosť o zdravie Slovákov v Báčke podľa kanonických vizitácií z roku 1835 a matrík zosnulých v 19. storočí

DANIELA MARČOKOVÁ
Oddelenie slovakistiky Filozofickej fakulty Univerzity v Novom Sade

Cholera epidemic and care for health of Slovaks in Bačka according to ecclesiastical visitations in 1835 and funeral register books in the 19th century

Abstract: A cholera epidemic broke out in India in the 1820s. and was spreading in Southeast Asia. It came to southern Russia in 1829, while in Hungary, it ap-peared in 1831. In Vojvodina, it appeared and threatened the population in 1831 and again to a lesser extent in 1836, 1849 and 1873. Historiography has so far paid almost no attention to the course of this epidemic in the Slovak settlements of Vojvodina. This work is based on the research of the author’s chronicle of the Evangelical priest Ján Stehla of Petrovac from the period of 1818-1862 and the ecclesiastical visitations of Slovak evangelical congregations in Bačka from 1835. The examined chronicle proved to be a rich narrative historiographical source for this topic. It records the beginning and spread of the epidemic, the number of infected and dead, the fear of people in the moments of the threat of terrifying death, as well as the depth of pain and suffering of the survivors. The epidemic in the affected villages caused the death of a significant number of the population and significantly changed their daily lives. Data from the examined church sources were analyzed, critically considered and compared with data in registers and existing literature.

Keywords: cholera epidemic, Bačka-Srem Seniorat, Slovaks, health care, conta-gious diseases.

Prof. PaedDr. Miroslav Kmeť, PhD. : výberová personálna bibliografia

MÁRIA BÔBOVÁ
Štátna vedecká knižnica v Banskej Bystrici

„Nedolnozemský“ Čabän

PETER MIČKO
Katedra histórie, Filozofická fakulta, Univerzita Mateja Bela v Banskej Bystrici